The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, along with the Rules of 1945, forms the backbone of India’s pharmaceutical regulatory system. This legal structure ensures that drugs manufactured, sold, or distributed in India meet strict standards of identity, purity, safety, and quality. Unit 2 dives deeper into the critical schedules under the Act, rules governing drug […]
The Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, along with the Rules framed in 1945, remains one of India’s most important legal frameworks for ensuring the safety, quality, and standards of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Created to protect public health, the Act regulates every stage of a drug’s journey—from import and manufacture to distribution and sale. This news-style
Phytochemistry—the study of chemical constituents in plants—forms the foundation of pharmacognosy and natural product drug discovery. As the demand for herbal medicines and plant-based pharmaceuticals continues to rise globally, modern extraction and analytical technologies play a crucial role in isolating, purifying, and identifying bioactive compounds with precision. Unit 5 explores the evolution of phytochemical techniques,
The pharmaceutical industry relies heavily on plant-derived bioactive molecules for therapeutic innovation. Many clinically important drugs—such as digoxin, vincristine, and taxol—originate from complex plant secondary metabolites. Unit 4 highlights their industrial production, analytical estimation, and major therapeutic applications. This article presents a news-style, comprehensive overview of these high-value phytoconstituents that continue to shape modern medicine.
Phytoconstituents are the chemical treasures of medicinal plants, responsible for their therapeutic actions and commercial value. Modern pharmacognosy focuses not only on identifying these compounds but also on isolating, characterizing, and analyzing them with precision. Unit 3 highlights key classes of phytochemicals—terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids, and resins—showcasing essential techniques that support drug discovery and herbal standardization.
Secondary metabolites constitute a diverse group of organic compounds produced by plants for defense, survival, and ecological interaction. Although not essential for basic metabolic functions, they form the backbone of modern pharmacognosy and herbal drug industries. This article explores the general introduction, chemical nature, biosources, therapeutic uses, and commercial applications of major classes of secondary
The world of medicinal plants continues to fascinate scientists because of their ability to synthesize a vast range of structurally diverse and therapeutically valuable compounds. These biochemical products—known as secondary metabolites—play vital roles in plant defense, adaptation, and survival. Unit 1 explores the fundamental metabolic pathways in higher plants and highlights how modern tools such
The study of hormones and their synthetic analogues remains fundamental in understanding human physiology, reproduction, and metabolic control. Alongside endocrine pharmacology, bioassay techniques form the backbone of experimental pharmacology, allowing precise measurement of biological responses to drugs. Unit 5 integrates both domains, offering students a complete understanding of hormonal therapy and the scientific principles behind
The endocrine system governs essential physiological processes through a network of hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses. Disorders of endocrine function are common and often require lifelong pharmacological management. Unit 4 explores the mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and clinical significance of drugs acting on key hormonal pathways. This article presents a concise, news-style
Autacoids—locally acting biochemical mediators—play essential roles in inflammation, allergy, smooth muscle function, vascular regulation, and pain perception. Understanding these naturally occurring substances and the drugs that influence them is crucial for modern therapeutics. Unit 3 examines the pharmacology of autacoids such as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and kinins, along with major drug classes used to treat
