In the quiet corners of research institutions and pharmaceutical labs, a revolution continues to unfold—one driven by plants, glass chambers, and controlled environments. Plant tissue culture, once a pioneering concept, has now become an indispensable tool in pharmacognosy, agriculture, and biotechnology. This unit explores its evolution, techniques, requirements, and its growing role in modern medicine, […]
In the fast-growing world of natural medicine, the journey of a plant from soil to shelf is far more complex than it seems. Behind every herbal drug lies a chain of scientific processes—cultivation, collection, processing, and long-term storage—that ensure safety, potency, and medicinal value. Today, experts say this chain is becoming increasingly sophisticated as demand
In a time when global healthcare is rediscovering the importance of natural products, pharmacognosy stands at the crossroads of traditional wisdom and modern scientific validation. This field—deeply rooted in the study of natural drugs—continues to influence today’s pharmaceutical discoveries and quality control systems. Download UNIT 1 – The Evolving World of Pharmacognosy: From Ancient Roots
The human brain is a masterpiece of biological design, controlling every thought, emotion, and action. But when its delicate balance is disturbed, pharmacology steps in — offering drugs that can alter moods, perceptions, and neurological functions. From antidepressants to nootropics, this unit dives deep into the fascinating world of Central Nervous System (CNS) pharmacology —
The human brain — a complex command center of thoughts, actions, and emotions — is also the primary target for a wide range of drugs used in medicine. From anesthesia during surgery to treating epilepsy or insomnia, the pharmacology of drugs acting on the Central Nervous System (CNS) remains one of the most fascinating and
In the intricate network of the human body, the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) acts as a vital communication bridge between the central nervous system and various organs. Understanding how drugs influence this system has become a cornerstone of pharmacology, with therapeutic implications in treating disorders like myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, and hypertension. This feature takes you
Every drug that enters the human body sets off a chain of biological events — binding, signaling, and response — that ultimately defines its therapeutic or toxic effects. This fascinating process, studied under pharmacodynamics and drug interaction principles, helps us understand not just what drugs do, but how and why they act. From receptor theories
Every pill, injection, or tablet that reaches a patient’s hands is more than just a chemical compound — it’s the result of centuries of scientific exploration in the field of pharmacology. From understanding how drugs act on the body to predicting how the body processes them, pharmacology stands at the heart of modern medicine. This
Behind every medicine that reaches a pharmacy shelf lies a careful balance of science and safety — a balance ensured through drug stability. Stability testing is one of the cornerstones of pharmaceutical formulation, ensuring that a drug maintains its identity, strength, quality, and purity over time. A stable drug is not just effective but also
In pharmaceutical science, the tiny details often make the biggest difference. The way a powder flows, dissolves, compresses, or mixes depends largely on the size, shape, and surface characteristics of its particles. The branch of physical science that deals with the study of these properties is known as Micromeritics. Micromeritics plays a crucial role in
