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UNIT 5 – Indirect Taxes – GST and Customs Duty Notes

India’s taxation system has undergone significant reforms in recent years, and one of the most transformative steps was the introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Alongside GST, Customs Duty continues to be a crucial part of indirect taxes, impacting international trade and the domestic economy. This unit covers the structure, features, and procedures […]

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UNIT 4 – Income Tax Returns and Tax Computation Process Notes

The income tax system in India is not just about paying taxes — it’s about proper compliance, record-keeping, and timely filing of returns. This unit covers the key elements of the tax computation process, the required documentation, and the distinctions between lawful and unlawful tax-saving practices. Download UNIT 4 – Five Heads of Income and

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UNIT 3 – Five Heads of Income and Deductions Notes

Understanding how your income is categorized for tax purposes is the first step towards efficient tax planning. In India, income tax law divides all your earnings into five distinct “heads of income.” Knowing these categories and the deductions available under each can significantly impact your tax liability. This blog post will provide a clear overview

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UNIT 2 – Basics of Income Tax in India Notes

Income tax is one of the most important sources of revenue for the Indian government. It is levied on the income earned by individuals, companies, and other entities during a financial year. In this unit, we’ll break down the key concepts, rules, and calculations that form the foundation of the Indian income tax system. Download

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UNIT 1 – Introduction to Taxation and Indian Tax Structure Notes

Taxation is one of the most important tools through which the government collects revenue to fund public services, build infrastructure, and promote social welfare. Every citizen and business directly or indirectly contributes to the nation’s development through taxes. In this unit, we will explore the meaning, objectives, classification, and structure of taxation in India, along

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UNIT 5 – Economic Reforms and Contemporary Challenges Notes

The Indian economy has undergone significant transformation over the past few decades, driven by structural reforms, policy changes, and the need to adapt to global economic dynamics. While these reforms have opened new opportunities, they have also brought fresh challenges. This unit covers the major economic reforms like the LPG model, GST, and demonetization, and

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UNIT 4 – India’s Role in the Global Economy Notes

India has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, deeply integrated into global trade, investment, and financial flows. The country’s participation in the world economy has been shaped by the forces of globalization, the rise of foreign trade, and an increasing inflow of foreign investments. In this unit, we explore how India

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UNIT 3 – Services Sector and Infrastructure Development Notes

The services sector has emerged as a major driver of India’s economic growth, contributing significantly to GDP, employment, and exports. Alongside, infrastructure development has played a vital role in connecting markets, enabling industries, and improving the quality of life. This unit explores the importance, growth patterns, and key government initiatives shaping India’s services and infrastructure

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UNIT 2 – Agriculture and Industrial Sectors in India Notes

The Indian economy has two major pillars—agriculture and industry—both contributing significantly to growth, employment, and social development. While agriculture has been the backbone of India for centuries, the industrial sector drives modernization, exports, and technological progress. This unit explores their importance, reforms, and policies shaping their future. Download UNIT 2 – Agriculture and Industrial Sectors

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UNIT 1 – Introduction to Indian Economy and Economic Planning Notes

The Indian economy is one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world, characterized by diversity in resources, industries, and people. It is a mixed economy, meaning it combines elements of both capitalism and socialism—private enterprises operate alongside significant government intervention. The economy has undergone major transformations over the years, from being largely agrarian

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