Monetary and fiscal policies are the two main tools used by the government and central bank to maintain economic stability, control inflation, reduce unemployment, and promote growth. This unit focuses on how these policies are applied in India, their instruments, and their recent trends. Download UNIT 5 – Monetary and Fiscal Policies in India Notes […]

This unit explores two important macroeconomic challenges: unemployment and business cycles. Understanding them helps us see how economies grow, slow down, and recover—and what happens to people and jobs along the way. Download UNIT 4 – Unemployment and Business Cycles Notes Get simplified revision notes for this unit: Download Unit 4 Notes PDF What is

Inflation is one of the most talked-about economic issues because it affects everyone—from students buying coffee to businesses planning investments. This unit covers what inflation really means, why it happens, its effects on the economy, and how governments try to control it. It also introduces related concepts like deflation and stagflation, and explains various policy

Understanding how the entire economy behaves requires looking at broad indicators like total demand and total supply. This unit dives into the concept of aggregate demand (AD) and aggregate supply (AS) and how they determine the overall level of economic activity. It also introduces two major schools of thought—Classical and Keynesian economics—that offer different perspectives

What Drives a Country’s Economy? Here’s Your Crash Course on Macroeconomics! Ever wondered how countries measure their economic health? Or how money flows through an economy? That’s exactly what Unit 1: Introduction to Macroeconomics and National Income Accounting is all about. Download UNIT 1 – Introduction to Macroeconomics and National Income Accounting Notes Get simplified

Understanding different costing methods is essential for determining the cost of products or services in varied business environments. Depending on the nature of production or service, businesses use specific costing techniques to manage and analyze expenses effectively. This unit introduces the major methods of costing used in industries and service sectors. Download UNIT 5 –

In addition to direct costs like materials and labour, every business incurs various indirect expenses necessary for operations. These indirect expenses, known as overheads, must be properly accounted for to determine the true cost of production. This unit focuses on the classification, allocation, absorption, and accounting of overheads in cost accounting. Download UNIT 4 –

Labour is a crucial input in any production or service activity. Accurate computation and control of labour cost is essential for cost efficiency and fair employee compensation. This unit explores the classification of labour cost, wage systems, incentive schemes, and ways to manage unproductive time. Download UNIT 3 – Labour Costing and Wage Systems Notes

Materials form a significant portion of the total production cost in most manufacturing organizations. Effective management of materials ensures uninterrupted production, cost savings, and better utilization of resources. This unit explains the procedures for purchasing materials, storekeeping practices, inventory valuation methods, and various techniques for inventory control. Download UNIT 2 – Materials Costing and Inventory

Cost accounting is a vital part of management accounting that helps businesses track, control, and reduce costs to improve profitability. This unit introduces the meaning, objectives, and importance of cost accounting, differences from financial accounting, cost classification methods, and preparation of a cost sheet. It also explains the essentials of installing an effective costing system