Understanding how drugs are eliminated from the body and how effectively they reach systemic circulation is central to biopharmaceutics. Unit 2 focuses on drug metabolism and excretion, along with the critical concepts of bioavailability and bioequivalence, which guide dose selection, formulation development, and regulatory approval of medicines. This news-style article explains these interconnected concepts in […]
Biopharmaceutics is a vital discipline that bridges pharmaceutical sciences and clinical therapeutics. It explains how the physicochemical properties of drugs, the dosage form, and the route of administration influence the rate and extent of drug absorption and distribution in the body. Unit 1 introduces the foundational concepts of biopharmaceutics, focusing on drug absorption and distribution—two
The global shift toward natural, plant-based healthcare has placed the herbal industry at the center of pharmaceutical and wellness innovation. India, with its rich biodiversity and traditional medical systems, plays a vital role in supplying herbal drugs and formulations to domestic and international markets. Unit 5 focuses on the structure of the herbal industry, its
The global resurgence of herbal medicines has created an urgent need for scientific evaluation, legal protection, and robust regulatory frameworks. While traditional knowledge forms the backbone of herbal drug use, modern healthcare systems demand evidence-based validation, quality assurance, and ethical commercialization. Unit 4 focuses on the evaluation of herbal drugs as per WHO and ICH
The growing global preference for natural and sustainable products has significantly boosted the demand for herbal cosmetics and herbal pharmaceutical formulations. Consumers today seek products that are effective, safe, eco-friendly, and compatible with the human body. Unit 3 focuses on herbal cosmetics, herbal excipients, and herbal formulations, highlighting how plant-based raw materials are shaping skincare,
The growing global focus on preventive healthcare has brought nutraceuticals to the forefront of medical nutrition and therapeutic support. Positioned between food and medicine, nutraceuticals play a significant role in health promotion, disease prevention, and adjunct therapy for chronic disorders. Unit 2 explores the scope, market trends, health benefits of nutraceuticals, key herbs used as
The growing global preference for natural and plant-based therapies has brought renewed attention to herbs as essential raw materials for medicines. From ancient healing traditions to modern herbal formulations, medicinal plants form the backbone of alternative and complementary healthcare systems. Unit 1 introduces students to the fundamentals of herbal raw materials, sustainable cultivation practices, and
Toxicology and chronopharmacology represent two crucial dimensions of pharmacology that focus on drug safety and optimal therapeutic timing. While toxicology examines the harmful effects of chemicals and drugs on living organisms, chronopharmacology explores how biological rhythms influence drug action. Unit 5 integrates these disciplines to help students understand adverse drug effects, poisoning management, and the
Advances in chemotherapy and immunopharmacology have transformed the management of infectious diseases, cancer, and immune-related disorders. Unit 4 focuses on the chemotherapy of urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, and malignancies, alongside emerging immunological therapies such as immunostimulants, immunosuppressants, protein drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and biosimilars. This news-style article presents a structured overview of these critical
Chemotherapy in pharmacology refers to the use of chemical agents to selectively destroy or inhibit disease-causing organisms while causing minimal harm to the host. With the global rise of infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance, chemotherapy has become a cornerstone of modern medical treatment. Unit 3 focuses on the major classes of chemotherapeutic agents used against
