Parenteral products are a cornerstone of modern therapeutic practice, delivering drugs directly into the body via injection or infusion. As the pharmaceutical industry increasingly emphasizes sterility, precision, and patient safety, understanding parenteral formulations has become essential for pharmacy students and healthcare professionals. This news-style article presents a clear and updated insight into the fundamentals, production, […]

Pharmaceutical dosage forms continue to evolve as the industry demands precision, safety, and patient convenience. In Unit 3 of Physical Pharmaceutics, students explore one of the most widely used solid dosage forms—capsules—along with the increasingly popular multiparticulate systems known as pellets. This article presents these concepts in an accessible, news-style educational format designed to enhance

The pharmaceutical sector continues to evolve rapidly, but the fundamentals of dosage-form design remain indispensable for students and professionals. In recent academic discussions, specialists have emphasized the scientific and practical foundations of tablet technology and liquid oral formulations, both of which form the backbone of modern drug delivery. This article provides an in-depth, curriculum-aligned overview

In the rapidly advancing world of pharmaceutical science, preformulation studies act as the investigative core behind every successful drug product. Before an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) becomes a tablet, capsule, syrup, or injection, formulators must understand its fundamental behavior. This stage—known as preformulation—lays the groundwork for stability, safety, manufacturability, and therapeutic performance. Download UNIT 1

As chronic metabolic disorders rise globally and surgical interventions become more advanced, the significance of antidiabetic medications and local anesthetics continues to grow. Unit 5 offers an insightful exploration into two major domains of drug therapy: the pharmacological management of diabetes mellitus and the science behind local anesthesia. This feature-style article walks through their mechanisms,

In the intricate network of human physiology, the endocrine system stands out as the silent commander—regulating growth, reproduction, metabolism, and homeostasis through its powerful biochemical messengers. As global health discussions increasingly spotlight hormonal imbalances and metabolic disorders, understanding the drugs that influence endocrine functions has become more relevant than ever. Unit 4 explores these agents

Cardiovascular diseases continue to rank among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. As research evolves, so does the diversity and precision of drugs that target life-threatening conditions such as arrhythmias, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, and heart failure. Unit 3 takes readers through a newsroom-style exploration of the major drug classes that safeguard heart health, explaining their significance,

Cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. To combat angina, hypertension, and edema, modern therapeutics rely on a range of drug classes—each with distinct mechanisms and clinical applications. Unit 2 introduces students to anti-anginal agents, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, and antihypertensive drugs that form the backbone of cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Understanding their

In the fast-evolving world of pharmaceutical sciences, Unit 1 introduces students to some of the most clinically important drug classes—antihistamines, proton pump inhibitors, H2 blockers, and anti-neoplastic agents. These medicines play a fundamental role in managing allergies, gastric acid disorders, and even life-threatening cancers. Understanding their chemistry, mechanisms, and therapeutic relevance provides an essential foundation